Facade plastering

Facade decoration is a very important process that determines the appearance of a building and its relevance to the environment. There are several options for facade plasters, which vary in composition, texture and type of binder. We will talk about the advantages, application technology and features of each of them further.

Advantages of facade plaster

Before moving on to the advantages of using facade plaster, we will determine the functional features of the facade decoration:

• exterior decoration protects the building from negative atmospheric and mechanical effects,
• gives the building an attractive appearance and desired texture.

For tinting and adjusting the color of the plaster, dye is added to it. This finishing material has a wide range of colors.

Among the main advantages of facade plaster we note:

1. High adhesion with the base, elasticity and quality composition.
2. The possibility of long-term storage, not diluted.
3. Resistance to mechanical stress, moisture, temperature changes, ultraviolet radiation.
4. Environmental safety - the material does not emit toxic substances during operation.
5. Differs in the minimum absorption of dirt, is easy to clean. Some plaster options are self-cleaning.
6. Steam permeability - provides comfortable conditions for living indoors. The coating lets air through, creating natural ventilation.
7. Ease of application and a variety of plasters in texture, composition, color, method of application.

In relation to the composition of the plasters, the following options are distinguished:

• mineral
• silicate
• acrylic
• silicone origin.

The first option consists of cement with the addition of polymer inclusions, which improve adhesion and give the composition more elasticity. Silicate plaster mass contains fiberglass inclusions and plasticizers, has good performance characteristics.

Acrylic based plaster contains acrylic resin, and silicone - silicone. If the wall is made of natural material, then plaster compositions of mineral, silicate or silicone origin are used for its decoration. These compounds have high vapor permeability, interact well with heaters in the form of mineral wool. For polystyrene insulation systems, acrylic based plaster options are suitable.

Exterior plaster for the facade on an acrylic basis is characterized by good characteristics and the longest life. Mineral plaster is the cheapest, but also the least durable in operation. Stucco with silicate and silicone composition is characterized by medium resistance to environmental influences.

The structure of the plaster also determines the duration of its operation. The more smooth the surface is, the faster it becomes cracked. Therefore, we recommend giving preference to rough surfaces.

The durability of the plaster before burnout is directly determined by the saturation of the tones. The lighter the tone of the plaster, the better it retains color performance.

Types of facade plaster and their characteristics

Learn more about the main types of plaster for the exterior decoration of buildings. First of all, we consider the main types of plaster in relation to the composition.

Stucco with acrylic binders - has good vapor permeability. This composition, with a lack of moisture in the room, gives it away, and with an excess - it absorbs, thereby maintaining optimal microclimatic conditions. This is ensured by the presence of a synthetic-based resin in the dispersion. Among the additional advantages of this composition, we note: good resistance to temperature fluctuations, elasticity, resistance to microorganisms: fungus and mold.

Despite this, acrylic plaster has certain disadvantages, namely:

• easily contaminated, as it is not electrostatic,
• high cost.

Facade plaster of silicate origin also has high vapor permeability. This coating has a wide range of applications, as it has a neutral electrical static. The main element of this plaster is liquid glass based on potassium. The coating is not prone to pollution, well tolerates moisture, temperature fluctuations, ultraviolet radiation does not crack.

Mineral plaster - one of the most popular finishing materials, consists of cement with additional polymeric substances. The material is characterized by the highest strength characteristics, affordable cost and wide scope of use. In addition, we note the following advantages of mineral-based plasters:

• high vapor permeability - do not leave condensation on the walls, regulate indoor microclimatic conditions,
• high pH provides plaster resistance to mold and mildew,
• frost resistance, resistance to precipitation and ultraviolet radiation,
• fire safety - the material is not prone to burning,
• environmental safety - the plaster contains no toxic substances harmful to health,
• ease of washing - use ordinary water or additional detergents to clean the walls,
• after drying, it does not shrink and does not crack, subject to the technology of applying plaster on the wall.

However, mineral plaster differs in a limited range of colors, although after drying, it is painted with facade paints in almost any color. The process of applying plaster requires compliance with strict technological standards and dosages, otherwise, the coating will not have the necessary strength.

Duration of operation of the coating is about ten years, the material is sensitive to vibrations, cracking under their influence.

Silicone plaster is characterized by maximum durability, good dirt-repellent abilities and resistance to precipitation. The walls on which this finishing material is applied are not prone to the formation of mold or fungus. Silicone plaster is a universal composition that combines all the advantages of mineral and acrylic based plasters:

• excellent moisture repellent
• good vapor permeability
• resistance to fungus, mold and other microorganisms,
• increased level of resistance to temperature fluctuations,
• the absence of not only cracks, but also microcracks on the front of the building,
• high level of elasticity
• high strength adhesion with any of the coatings.

There are several texture options for silicone plaster:

• bark beetle - used to decorate the facade, insulated with foam, additionally reinforced with fiberglass mesh,
• lamb - different roughness,
• stone-type plaster - has a smoother texture and as a filler, crushed stone is added to it,
• Venetian-based plaster - contains marble chips, similar in appearance to polished marble.

Advantages and disadvantages

Despite the relevance of the application, plaster, like any other type of material, has not only advantages, but also disadvantages.

• high price,
• risk of cracking as a result of improper technology.

Silicate plasters

The third type of decorative coatings for facades - silicate plaster can be called universal in all respects. Moreover, its particular effectiveness was noted when using facades from foam and aerated concrete blocks. However, those who are accustomed to relying on expert advice can safely trust the facade and walls of their house (no matter what material they are built from) with silicate plasters.

Due to the presence of liquid glass (sodium silicate) and other additives, these plasters are excellent defenders of the facade walls of houses located near highways.

One of the main advantages of this coating can be called its wide range of color performance and excellent durability. Thus, adherents of constancy are your choice. It should be noted that silicate plasters impress proponents of change with the opportunity to experiment not only with color, but with all possible and impossible textures.

Design features of fireproof facades

Limitations associated with facade insulation with extruded polystyrene foam. According to GOST 30244-94, thermal insulation in the form of polystyrene foam boards has a degree of flammability (P-G4). Ignition of the material begins at a temperature of 220-380 ° C, self-ignition - 460-480 ° C. The same class of fire hazard as part of facade systems is provided for polystyrene foam. In addition to rapid ignition, the situation is complicated by the release of combustible gases provoking fast and intense burning. To reduce the fire hazard, fire cuts are provided in facade systems. The main purpose of the cut-offs is to prevent the spread of fire between floors and along the outer walls. Fire cuts on the plaster facade are made of mineral insulation based on basalt rocks with high fire resistance.
The system of wet insulation of the facade must comply with established state standards regarding maximum load and tensile strength. The thickness of the plaster on top of the polystyrene boards should be at least 4-7 mm. In practice, this layer often equals 1-1.5 mm., Which is a gross violation of fire safety requirements for facade systems. Decorative polymer plasters, when heated to 240-260 ° C, lose their strength characteristics. Therefore, it is not recommended to use polymer plasters on polystyrene and foam boards. Fireproof plaster for the facade must withstand temperatures close to 1000 ° C. Destruction of the protective layer leads to an increase in the intensity of combustion, due to the feeding of the flame by the emitted gases. Thanks to cuts on the wet facade, it is possible to stop the fire or at least reduce the speed of propagation. Be sure to trim the window and doorways with non-combustible heat-insulating materials.
Facing facades with ventilated structures also has its limitations and rules, primarily related to greater flammability. The high fire hazard class of the facade aluminum subsystem is due to the fact that there are voids between the finish layer of the material and thermal insulation, which provoke an increased upward movement of air masses. As a result, air draft provokes the rapid spread of fire. The fire hazard of suspended facade systems is increased due to the mandatory use of wind and water protection membranes. Modern thermal insulation allows you to do without these combustible materials. If a decision is made to use wind protection, it is imperative to make fire cut-offs in a ventilated facade

It is especially important to provide cuts when using combustible insulation and cladding.
Suspended facade systems made of porcelain stoneware belong to the class of NG. The weak point of the design is the profile system that is used for installation

Poor guides are deformed even at a temperature of 280-300 ° C, which leads to the collapse of the installed porcelain tile from the facade of the building. Another difficulty is that at a certain temperature, the plates begin to crack.
Fire safety requirements for ventilated facades require the abandonment of low-cost automatic transmissions (aluminum composite panels). The ignition temperature of the material is 120 degrees. Cheap composite panels based on polyethylene are classified as hazard class G4. According to the PPB, it is forbidden to use them for high-rise buildings. Fire safety of suspended facade systems is checked according to GOST 341251-2003.
Translucent facade systems generally tolerate high temperatures and surface heating well. The weak point of the translucent structure is the profile guides used, and the fixing glass sealants. Glazing of facades is applicable for industrial and office buildings subject to the use of sealing compounds with high thermal stability.

Depending on the main purpose, the permissible fire hazard class of the facades can vary from K0 to K3. The use of combustible materials, as well as errors in design decisions, lead to an increase in the coefficient to unacceptable values.

17. Thin-layer plastering, plastering on mesh surfaces, finishing rust between tiles

Thin coat plaster. Thin-layer plaster is applied only on stone, brick, concrete, reinforced concrete, slag concrete and other stone-like surfaces. On wooden, straw, reed and fiberboard surfaces, the thickness of the plaster should be at least 20 mm, regardless of the type of plaster.

With a bast thickness of up to 7 mm, a plastic solution is prepared and applied in one layer at a time, carefully leveling. With a bast thickness of 10 mm, the solution is applied in two layers: spray and soil. Before applying the solution, the surfaces are moistened with water. If the thin-layer plaster is high-quality, beacons are arranged.

Mesh plastering. Mesh surfaces prepared for plastering are stained with a creamy cement mortar or cement paste. Staining is repeated two to three times after 4-8 hours with a slight pressure on the brush. Sometimes a creamy solution is carried out on a grid of spray with a spatula with a falcon. The spray is applied in two to three doses two to three hours after each application. The solution covers the grid with a thin layer, giving it the necessary rigidity, and it ceases to vibrate. Then plastering is carried out in the usual way. The solution is often smeared with the back of the scapula.

A cement mortar is prepared in this sequence. First, a dry mixture of cement and sand is made, fibrous additives are added there and everything is thoroughly mixed, then water is poured. Cement-lime solutions are prepared first, as well as cement. After this, the lime dough is diluted with water, mixed and get a thick lime milk, which mix the mixture.

After the mesh cells are smeared or covered with a solution, a day later they begin to apply the solution in the usual way - by pouring or spreading.

If plastering is carried out by beacons, then after closing the mesh cells with the mortar and setting it (in a day or later), they begin to hang, arrange grades and beacons, which are used for plastering in the usual way. Lighthouses are best arranged in the same way as on concrete surfaces, using a rule with a level. Often lighthouses arrange it like that. First, nails are frozen in the solution, the surface is checked on them and marks are made on the nails, to which the rule is attached, and the solution is applied under it.Gypsum beacons after applying soil are cut down, their installation site is cleaned of gypsum, moistened with water, sprayed and coated with a solution, which is then leveled. After that perform nakryvka and grout.

Rust finish between floor slabs. Prior to finishing, it is necessary to prepare the seams. They are cleaned with a steel brush or chisel. Then the gap between the plates is filled with tow, compacted, but so that it does not reach the front surface by 15-20 mm.

The seams between the floor slabs are flush coated with mortar slabs, level it and rub it. To make sedimentary cracks between the plates less noticeable, a small semicircle is arranged in the solution - rust. This whole process is called rust finishing.

There are two ways to finish rust. The first is that a rusted mortar that has been slightly set is cut through with a rustik (Fig. 47, a). The second method is that the rust is pulled over a fresh, uncured solution, using the simplest template for this purpose (Fig. 47, b). It is made of a board of the desired width, cut at an angle of 45 ° on one side.

In order for the rustics to be straightforward, they are carried out according to the rule, which is fixed to the ceiling with the help of two or three thin rails 10-15 cm longer than the height of the room (Fig. 47, c). Reiki is placed obliquely on the floor and first presses the ends of the rule with them, and then the middle of the rule with the additional rail. At the same time, the slats are slightly bent, springy and firmly press the rule to the ceiling. Rusting is carried out according to the rule, cutting through the rust. If the rust is not clean enough, it is fixed with a trowel. Sometimes a rust is carried out in a trowel with a small rack nailed to his canvas in the shape of a rust, after wetting everything with water. From this, rust becomes cleaner.

Fig. 47. Rustic layout: a - rustication, b - templates, c - fixing rules on the ceilings with flexible rails, 1 - rule, 2 - rail

Pulling the rusts with a template is performed in several steps, the solution is applied in thin layers. After cutting through the rust or pulling the rules are removed and the cleaning and grouting are performed. Rust should be strictly against the seam or gap between the plates.

Steel elliptical bottoms in Samara at samara.sngexp.ru/catalog/dnishcha-i-zaglushki.

Exterior facade plaster

Thanks to modern brick, many buildings can be put five points for appearance. Wooden houses have always been and will be beautiful. However, in addition to these building materials, there are many others. They are no less practical and can be more attractive in value. All of them are united by one thing - all of them (or almost all) require additional decoration, such as whitewashing or staining. However, plastering is considered the most popular and effective type.

The reason here is not only the desire to increase the aesthetic appeal, not only to “play with color”, not only to improve the performance of the material of walls and foundations, but also to protect the house, its walls and foundation.

Let's try to make out: facade plaster, in its properties, main characteristics and determine the optimality for home decoration with your own hands.

Facade plastering - combination of types

Acrylic facade plasters

- the product of modernity. The complex formula of the basic substance in combination with a whole set of components gave them excellent indicators of vapor permeability, elasticity and resistance to temperature changes.

Front plaster bark beetle

The use of acrylic plasters minimizes the formation of mold. This is especially true in regions and places with high humidity. It should be added that acrylic facade plasters are among the most unloved environments for ants and other insects.

In aesthetic terms, it is acrylic that is capable of giving you fantasies in the form of imitations of “lamb” or “bark beetle”.

It is important that this type of plaster is sold ready-made and that no additional manipulations are required for use.

SPECIFICATIONS

Facade decorative plaster is used both for internal and external works, applied to the prepared base, having a reinforcing layer. Facade decorative plaster gives the facade of the building a finished look. Resistant to weathering, has a high crack resistance and impact resistance.

HAGAst Außenputz Fs-415 white cementitious thin coat

PURPOSE
Stucco walls and facades of buildings and structures.
Alignment of ceilings and walls in wet rooms (including the walls of swimming pools).
Cosmetic repair of damaged concrete or plaster substrates.
Grounds: brick, concrete, cement or gypsum plaster.

PREPARATION OF THE BASIS FOR PLASTERING WORKS
The base must be dry, strong, firm and must not undergo shrinkage or deformation. Contaminants, dust, stains from petroleum products, oils and fats of various origins, flaking plaster or other coatings with poor adhesion to the substrate are removed. Protruding pieces of mortar, concrete or other irregularities are removed. Before applying cement plaster, gypsum-containing and highly porous substrates are treated with a primer.

PREPARING A PLASTER MIX
5.0-6.0 l of pure water (t 15-20 ° C) is poured into the container. 2/3 bags of the dry mixture are poured, mixed, the remaining amount of the mixture is poured out and mixed again until a uniform consistency is formed. The stucco mortar mixture is kneaded mechanically using an electric drill with a nozzle (at 400 - 600 rpm). The resulting mixture of facade plaster is aged for 2-3 minutes, then mixed again. At 20 ° C, the prepared mortar mixture of cement facade plaster retains a working consistency of at least 4 hours.

APPLYING A PLASTER MIX
The stucco mixture is applied to the wall using a metal spatula and a trowel. Plaster applied to the wall is aligned with the metal rule on the lighthouses. The permissible thickness of the plaster layer in one working pass is 5-30 mm. The application of the next plaster layer is allowed only after the complete drying of the previous plaster layer. After the plaster mortar begins to dry, it is gently sanded with sandpaper or other abrasive material.
Note: The ambient temperature during plastering should be in the range from + 5 ° C to + 35 ° C. During drying, the plaster must be protected from exposure to high temperatures and direct sunlight. If there are expansion joints on the base, then when applying plaster, it is also necessary to make expansion joints, repeating their geometry and then filling them with polyurethane sealant.

TOOL CLEANING
Hands, tools and containers are cleaned with warm water immediately after using the plaster mixture.

PACKING AND STORAGE
HAGAst Außenputz Fs 415 cement thin-coat plaster is delivered in paper three-layer bags with a 25 kg polyethylene liner.

Technical characteristics of the plaster mix HAGAst Außenputz Fs 415:

Application temperature range, ° С - from +5 to +35
The moisture content of the dry mixture,%, not more than 0.1
Maximum aggregate fraction, mm - 0.63
Consumption of water for mixing, l / kg - 0.22 - 0, 2 4
Mortar consumption: kg / sq.m per 1 mm of layer thickness - 1.5
Open time, min - 20
Lifetime, h, at 0 ° С not less than - 3
Compressive strength after 28 days, MPa, not less than - 12
Adhesion after 28 days, at least 0.7
Frost resistance, cycles, not less than - 50

Fireproof materials and compositions for facades

• Mineral heaters with a class of NG - able to withstand temperatures up to 1000 ° C. GOST permits the use of mineral insulation for the facades of high-rise buildings. If polystyrene is used in facade systems, it is imperative to manufacture vertical and floor decks from mineral thermal insulation.
• Brick front thermopanels. Unlike composite materials based on polyethylene, clinker thermal panels do not burn and do not emit harmful fumes. When installing clinker systems, special fasteners for fire protection are used, where one steel is taken for each aluminum guide profile.
• Refractory plasters - do not eliminate the need for use of dispersions, but allow to slightly increase the fire resistance of the material.
• Fire tapes. The cut-off on the facade with different finishing systems can be done with tape material. Alternatively, the docking point of the non-combustible and combustible facade system should be surrounded by cuts.
• Paints and pastes. SNIP standards for fire protection of wooden facades provide for the mandatory manufacture of fire protection with an increase in fire resistance to R 180. If additional insulation is carried out, mineral wool of the NG class is used.
• Fire belts in the insulation system of ventilated facades should be thought out taking into account the presence of combustible materials. Instead of waterproofing, you can use mineral insulation with a cached layer.
• To avoid collapse of composite materials, increase the number of clamps. The test method - by fire, showed that this measure allows even with strong heating of the surface to prevent the cracked slabs from porcelain stoneware from falling down.

After the completion of work, a fire inspection of the facade system is carried out. The effectiveness of fire protection is checked, the compliance of finishing materials with the requirements. A decision is made to put the building into operation.

Fireproof processing of facade structures

• Special varnishes and protective paints are applied to the plaster facades. One of the most beautiful and at the same time reliable solutions is decorative facade plaster, fire resistant.
• Facing of a facade from a tree is processed by varnishes and two-component structures. A tree may require the use of additional biosecurity. Facade varnish for wood allows you to save the texture and appearance of natural material. However, GOST requires the manufacture of spans on wooden facades.
• AKP. Fire safety of ventilated wooden facades requires the processing of aluminum rails with special compounds that increase fire resistance. For other types of materials, this norm is recommendatory in nature.

Types of facade plaster and their features

External work on the facade of the house is carried out using the following types of building and decorative mixtures:

• Mineral compounds. They are based on cement, sand and additional polymeric substances that are used to improve the performance of the solution. The main advantages are high strength, reasonable cost, high vapor permeability, environmental friendliness. The disadvantages include insufficient resistance to deformations, under their influence, the coating is cracked.
• Acrylic plaster mixes. Based on acrylic resin and synthetic binders. The advantages of this facade material include good resistance to temperature extremes, elasticity, protection against fungi and mold, vapor permeability, resistance to UV radiation. We also note a large selection of texture solutions - bark beetle, mosaic, pebble. The disadvantage is that it is quickly contaminated, and therefore requires constant maintenance.
• Silicate-silicone plaster. The material combines the advantages of silicone and silicate compositions, characterized by high elasticity, vapor permeability, low water absorption and resistance to fungi. The solution is recommended to be used as a topcoat for thermal insulation systems of facades with mineral wool and polystyrene plates. To apply the plaster material on the walls of brick or concrete should be a stainless steel grater, which is placed at an angle of 60 degrees. The coating texture is formed with a plastic grater, which is held parallel to the surface being treated.
• Silicone-based decorative plasters have maximum durability, high strength and resistance to mechanical stress - the facade of the house is protected from cracks. In addition, the coating has the properties of self-cleaning - repels dirt and dust, has elasticity and good vapor transmission properties. The main disadvantage is the high cost.

Technology of applying thin-layer plaster

But then immediately a reasonable question may arise: how at once? Even without installing beacons? But after all, according to the generally accepted technology of plastering, it is possible to apply walls, ceilings and partitions at once only when their deviation from the correct position in height is not more than 1: 100 for the surface inside buildings, and in width and length not more than 1: 200 to the side of buildings .

Of course, to perform such work requires greater accuracy of the brickwork, but it is achievable. At least, not only in the middle of the last century, but today, there are masons who are distinguished by the high quality of their work, which does not subsequently need repeated faking and glossing.

Plastering technology

The classic technology used for plastering facades involves the application of three layers. Consider the sequence of steps in detail:

1. To accurately apply the solution on the walls of the house with your own hands, you can install beacons. To do this, at a distance of about 25 cm from the edge of the wall, a thick solution is prepared dotted (with a diameter of 5-15 cm), prepared in advance, in increments of 50 cm.
2. The beacon (metal guide) is recessed in the solution. With the help of the rule and level, the vertical arrangement is completed. The plaster protruding above the lighthouse is smoothed with a spatula.
3. When the solution has solidified, the gaps formed under the beacon are filled with the solution.
4. The second lighthouse is located on the other side of the wall (the optimal distance between the lighthouses is 1.7-1.8 m).
5. For walls longer than 2 m, intermediate beacons are added (it is convenient to align them with a stretched cord).
6. To apply the first layer of plaster (spray), the cement mortar is diluted with water to a semi-liquid consistency. The solution is poured onto the wall with a bucket. The surface should be as rough as possible for better adhesion of the layers. Wait for the layer to dry.
7. Dilute the solution to a consistency resembling thick sour cream. You can do it yourself with a spatula or use an electric drill with a special nozzle.
8. The solution is sprayed onto a section of the wall of the house between two beacons 40-60 cm high.
9. The trapezoid rule is applied with the narrow side to the beacons from below and gradually raised, moving from side to side. Excess plaster is removed while the surface remains smooth. Wait for the layer to dry.
10. In conclusion, a decorative layer (coating) is applied. After drying, staining can be done if desired.

Decorative plaster

To create a decorative texture, use thin-coat plasters on various bases. To do it yourself, you will need a spatula and a stainless steel grater. When using a dry mixture, do not immediately knead a large amount of solution, since the setting takes place rather quickly.

After 15-20 minutes, you can already start creating the texture. To do this, you need a plastic grater or a special roller. Depending on the direction of movement of the grater, you can get a different pattern. The thickness of the grooves depends on the grain fraction that is indicated on the package.

One of the most popular types of exterior decoration of houses can be safely called plastering of facades.With the help of dry and ready-to-use mixtures on a different basis, you can create a reliable, durable coating of the house with an unusual texture. Having studied the application technique, this can be done with your own hands.

Properties of decorative exterior facades with stucco

The main purpose of the facade finishing plaster is to create an attractive design and protect it from all kinds of external influences that may contribute to destruction. This is ensured by the technology of applying facade decorative plaster and the fact that it has such advantages over other similar coatings properties:

• It does not lose its qualities under the influence of wind of precipitation and ultraviolet radiation, in fact, it is a kind of facade protection.
• It is resistant to temperature extremes and climatic conditions.
• It has high compressive strength.
• Endowed with the ability to "breathe", that is, let air and steam out. This helps preserve the original structure of the building surface.
• Improves thermal insulation of interior spaces.
• It is an excellent sound insulator, it prevents street noise from entering the house.
• It makes it possible to implement a variety of design projects with a wide selection of color solutions.
• The technology for applying facade decorative plaster is very simple and easy. It does not require complicated foundation preparation.
• All work can be done on their own, without involving specialists.
• Large selection of textures and colors.
• Benefit at cost, comparing with other finishing materials. The price of each variety of decorative plaster depends on the structure and the available ingredients in its composition.

This informative and useful article talks about the features and benefits of using thin-layer plaster in construction and repair.

& copy Build-Chemi.ru. Copyright protected

Subcategory: Special plasters

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One of the most popular methods of wall decoration is the use of marble plaster, which due to its appearance is able to perfectly imitate natural stone, which creates a special feeling of comfort and wealth in such a room

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How is the facade different from ordinary plaster?

Facade plaster in contact with winds, rains and snows, “collides” with ultraviolet and chemicals. Sometimes, the outer cover takes on the blows of objects crashing into it. therefore facade plaster must be:

Exterior of the facade

1. Waterproof. Otherwise, the coating will swell, begin to fall away, mold, lose aesthetics. In the room, plaster is often used without moisture protection, since there is a minimum of vapor in the air. The exception is the bathrooms, pools.
2. Durable. Mechanical loads on the facade are rare. However, the likelihood of exposure is a threat. For example, a car will not crash into internal walls. The lamppost will not fall in the rooms, and the ball is unlikely to fly from a 100-meter distance, having managed to accelerate to the maximum. Excluding such risks, manufacturers focus on the strength of facade coatings.
3. Resistant to temperature extremes. The home is always a plus. It is customary to maintain 20–25 degrees of heat comfortable for life. Outside, the situation is different. A building can almost melt, or it can take a hit of ice cold. Exterior facade plaster must withstand temperatures from -40 to + 45 degrees. Specialized lines with a wide range of operating temperatures are produced for the Arctic and desert regions.
4. Vapor permeable. The people call this property the breath of building materials. Vapor permeability allows the coating to pass air. This eliminates the accumulation of condensate, maintains a healthy microclimate inside the building.
5. Heat and sound insulating. The coating serves as an additional protection of the structure, including from frost, noise. So that they "stuck" in the plaster, it has internal pores of a closed type. Closed capsules are filled with gas. It poorly transmits both noise and temperature waves. For a significant effect, you need a thick layer of plaster. Therefore, its heat and sound insulating properties are only auxiliary, additional to the main ones.
6. Ductile. Coating facades, especially tall and complex shapes, is harder than indoors. Therefore, plasters for outdoor use make pronounced plastic. This facilitates the process of decorating, setting the finish to the base.
7. Varied. For facade plastering, decorativeness is especially important. Coverage becomes a kind of face of the building, represents its style. Therefore, the finish is needed decorative. Facade plaster always tintable, already contains color pigment or decoration particles such as sequins, mineral chips, shells.
8. UV resistant. Radiation from the sun has a devastating effect not only on living tissues, but also building materials. In particular, they fade. Therefore, pigments are added to the plasters for exterior decoration. In addition, plasticizers resistant to the rays of the sun are mixed, as if locking, enveloping dyes.

Front plaster bark beetle

Naturally, facade plaster should have high adhesion. This is a property of adhesion to the base, penetration into its smallest cracks and pores. So the coating also reinforces the lower material, and better holds on to it.

The composition of the facade plaster

At the heart of any facade plaster is crushed stone. Different breeds are used, but mainly these are:

The fraction of stone fragments may be different, but not without a binder. This is a kind of glue that holds together the base particles. A plastic slurry should be obtained, which will be easy to apply on vertical surfaces.

As a binder in facade plasters add:

1. Cement. The cheapest and toughest option. The material is not 100 percent moisture resistant. therefore facade cement plaster considered second-rate. This does not plead with the merits of the material, for example, good vapor permeability, strength, incombustibility, suppleness with mineral dyes and easy adhesion to most substrates.
2. Acrylic resin The plaster has its water dispersion. The binder material remains flexible even after drying. Therefore, unlike cement, acrylic plaster does not crack. In addition, the coating is resistant to abrasion. In terms of moisture resistance, acrylic plaster is also on top. The disadvantage of the product is the susceptibility to fading under the influence of ultraviolet radiation.
3. Silicone resin. The characteristics of the plaster with it are close to the parameters of acrylic. However, silicone is better at letting vapor through and absorbing dirt worse. The material is even more elastic, literally stretches like rubber. This makes silicone façade plaster ideal for seismically active regions. It is not necessary to correct the facade after each series of tremors. Only on top of the external insulation silicone coating is not applied.
4. Liquid glass. Stucco with it is called silicate, since the material is made of molten quartz sand. Quartz, by its chemical nature, is silicon oxide, and simply silicon. The stucco with it is good for everyone: it is plastic, vapor permeable, and strong, and repels dirt, easily washes, does not absorb water. Silicates can be applied to any base and facade. However, silicate coatings dry quickly. In order to have time to apply the mixture efficiently, skill is needed.

The composition of the plaster is the reason for one of the classifications of coatings for facades. However, there are additional reasons for dividing the product into categories.

Cement-sand

This is the most common and inexpensive type of wall covering. Cook it yourself, using cement and sand. In some cases, lime may be added to the mixture to increase ductility or other additives that help enhance the adhesion of the solution to the substrate. The main functions of cement-sand plaster when decorating the facade of the building:

• protective - from wind, moisture, steam and insects,
• wall reinforcement
• thermal insulation.

Finishing from this type should be as smooth as possible, therefore before starting work, the surface of the walls is thoroughly cleaned, and the layer of plaster is laid in several stagesto avoid sudden transitions, waves and leaks. In addition, this type of finish allows you to hide existing wall flaws.

Ready-made dry mixes

Ready dry mixes vary in strength, elasticity and other indicators. So, a certain type of mixture contains a special marking, which is obtained as a result of testing the material:

The higher the value, the better not only the quality of the mixture, but also the level of its strength. However, as practice has shown, in this case you only overpay, because in preparing the mixture yourself there is nothing complicated, but you get the same material for wall cladding.

Material selection

From the composition and quality of the materials that are used to prepare the cement-sand mortar, in many respects depends on the strength of the finish, its smoothness and the degree of protective functionsas well as the ductility of the plaster.

For external work, cement is used, the marking of which is M250 and higher. But sand is of particular importance in the solution, so you need to approach its choice extremely responsibly:

1. Type of sand. The place of extraction of sand is exclusively a river or quarry. The composition should not be clay admixtures. It is desirable that it be sifted.
2. The size. The fraction of granules should not be too small, but not too large. Optimum - medium size. The use of coarse sand will lead to a certain roughness, and small granules will create the effect of "web", which will lead to the appearance of microcracks.

The calculation of the amount of material is as follows:

• classic - 1 part cement to 3 parts sifted sand,
• if the cement grade is M400, then the ratio will be 1 to 4.

Plastering technology

To qualitatively plaster a house, it is necessary to perform several activities before proceeding with the decoration:

• prepare the walls of the house - clean from dust, debris, old plaster or paint,
• treat them with a deep penetrating primer,
• set the grid
• install beacons
• apply plaster according to technology,
• wipe the surface.

Preparing the facade of the house

These procedures are required, because the preparation of the facade directly depends on how well the plaster will be laid on the surface. To do this, carry out the following procedures:

1. Remove the old finish - plaster, paint and other finishing materials.
2. Clean the walls with a wire brush.
3. Strip out various roughnesses with emery.
4. Rinse the wall (a soap solution is acceptable) and allow it to dry.
5. Use the level to check the verticality of the walls.

Besides, depending on the wall, it must be treated with special compounds or notch them:

• for wood - with an antiseptic solution,
• brick, stone, gas block - with a deep penetration primer (drying is required),
• concrete - make notches with an ax or punch (depth - up to 5 mm, width - from 7 to 9 mm, distance - about 100 cm).

Grid for plaster

The basic rules of construction work provide for the use of reinforced mesh only if the layer of plaster exceeds 3 cm. However, we recommend that you always use it, since it is an adhesion element and protects the layer from microcracks. In addition, the use of various kinds of heaters especially requires its installation. There are two types of stucco mesh:

• metal
• fiberglass (plastic).

The choice depends on the state of the wall surface. If bumps reach 5 cm and above, then it is more advisable to install a metal mesh. If bumps and drops are present, but do not exceed 3 cm, then a fiberglass base is enough.

Plastering

The process of applying plaster requires a certain time, because all the layers are not applied to the facade immediately, but need to be dried.

Manual

To get a good result, the mixture is applied in three stages:

1. Starting spray. The layer thickness should not exceed 9 mm (the exception is wood, because a larger layer is required here). A layer is applied with a spatula or trowel from the lower level to the upper.
2. Primer layer. Apply after 24 hours. For better adhesion to the finish layer, you can make small incisions on a wet solution. Thickness - from 7 to 8 mm. In case of gypsum admixture - up to 12 mm.
3. Finish layer (cover) - from 2 to 4 mm. Also applied in a day. To get a flat surface finish, the consistency of the solution should resemble creamy.

After the plaster has completely dried out, it is necessary to grout with a special brush. At the same time, it must be pressed against the walls and make circular movements clockwise.

Mechanized

With this method of applying plaster, the mixture is supplied to the walls under pressure using a special machine. Man only directs the stream to the desired area. Starting spray is made either by a compressor or by a pneumatic bucket. The mechanized method of applying the finish has several advantages:

1. You do not need to knead the solution yourself - for this there is a tank in the machine itself.
2. The solution dries much faster, which increases the speed of work.
3. The degree of adhesion of cement-sand mortar is much higher.
4. Saving building mixture.

Among the disadvantages are the high noise level, the difficulty in cleaning the hose and, in fact, the high cost of special equipment.

Front plaster consumption per square meter

The consumption of mortar depends on the curvature of the walls - the slope of their planes horizontally and vertically.

Calculation of costs occurs only after cleaning the wall and placing marks (lighthouses) using the building level. The more they are installed, the more accurate the result. Further, the maximum value in height is determined by the lighthouses - it determines the degree of facade curvature. Absolutely all deviations are summed up, and the resulting figure is divided by the number of beacons.

If we consider the calculation using an example, then it looks like this:

• for example, the area of ​​the wall on which the plaster is to be applied is 20 m2, and the maximum roughness on the beacons is 10 mm,
• 6 beacons were used to calculate the curvature,
• deviation values ​​were - 1 cm, 2 cm, 3 cm, 4 cm, 7 cm and 10 cm, which in total was 27 cm,
• to get the average thickness of the layer you need 27 divided by 3, which is 9 cm.

Given the formula, we can say that for the facade to be even, a solution of 9 cm thickness should be applied.

At what temperature can I plaster on the street?

When the air temperature in the street reaches a value below + 5 ° C, then already in this case, add to the plaster anti-frost additives, which allow her to gain strength in cold weather - ammonia or chlorine water, potash.

In other conditions, you can start preparing the solution and decorating the facade at atmospheric temperature from +9 to + 25 ° С.

It is not recommended to plaster the facade is cement-sand mortar, if it rained the day before. The surface should be as dry as possible and not have obvious signs of moisture.

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Technology of installation of facade plaster mineral type

Before applying mineral plaster, level the base. If necessary, remove the old finish, get rid of cracks and other surface defects. Remove grease stains and rust. Further, the surface is covered with an acrylic-based primer, this composition has a powerful antiseptic effect and improves the adhesion of the wall to the further finishing material.

The next step is the preparation of the stucco mortar. Previously, read the instructions, which indicate recommendations for the preparation of the composition. There are two ways of applying plaster:

The first involves the use of a metal spatula, and the second is based on the use of special pumping equipment. The optimum air temperature for this kind of work is from +12 to +24 degrees.

Mortar-mixing equipment greatly simplifies the process of applying plaster, evenly distributing it on the surface. To use, follow the instructions below:

1. Prepare the tool for work, pick up a gun and turn sideways to the wall.
2. Place the pump in a container with stucco mortar. Open the valve and wait for the plaster to flow onto the wall.
3. Apply the composition first from the bottom up, and then from right to left. First fill in small bumps and cavities.
4. Upon completion, close the valve, then use the rule to smooth the surface.

Manual application of plaster is a more complicated process, since the solution is applied to the surface with a spatula. In this case, it is important to choose the optimal layer thickness. After applying the solution, wait half an hour to set. The following is the process of making a plaster texture using a special grater.

Use decorative plaster from one manufacturer and preferably one batch. Perform work with the use of protective equipment in the form of gloves, goggles. After applying the plaster for at least three days, protect it from excessive sunlight, wind and moisture.

Application of silicone-based facade plaster

At the initial stage of working with silicone facade plaster with your own hands, carefully prepare the surface. If there are seams between the masonry material, they are sewn up to at least one centimeter. To improve adhesion to the surface, deformation seams are arranged on the facade. Further, the surface is dust-free and moistened.

At the next stage, the plaster mixture is prepared, the optimal time for using the plaster mortar is 1-2 hours. Further, the composition loses strength characteristics.

The following is a process for applying plaster by spray. For these purposes, you will need a tool for installing facade plaster and certain skills to work with it. Throws must be sharp and strong so that the solution adheres well to the surface.

Check out our recommendations for working with plaster:

• it is forbidden to apply plaster on newly constructed walls, as there is a risk of cracking during shrinkage,
• gypsum mortar is not applied to the concrete base, since in the future such plaster will swell and fall off, first the wall is finished with plaster containing lime, and then with gypsum,
• the grouting of the plaster is carried out a few days after its application, while the plaster becomes stiff, but does not completely set,
• the thickness of one layer of the plaster composition should not exceed two centimeters.

To grout the plaster, use a special grater of wood or aluminum, on top of which foam is glued. In a circular motion, press it to the surface, rubbing it with a solution.

Features of facade plaster acrylic type

For applying the composition on an acrylic basis, a conventional spatula is used. This plaster has a high drying rate. Therefore, before applying the composition, it is recommended to carefully level the surface. Processing of the selected fragment is quick and continuous. Otherwise, there is a possibility of joints, bumps and color differences.

Pre-divide the wall into several sections, which are gradually applied plaster mortar. If necessary, during the break, before applying the plaster, moisten the borders of the previous section with water.

The option of applying acrylic plaster using special equipment in the form of a spray machine. Until the composition dries completely, protect it from precipitation.

Please note that the color of dried acrylic plaster is always darker than liquid. Therefore, the facade darkens after drying. For the longest possible life of acrylic plaster, apply it on a previously prepared surface.

Clean the facade of old plaster or paint, get rid of stains of grease or corrosion, smooth the surface. The thickness of the applied layer should not exceed three millimeters. The setting time of the composition is 25 minutes, and complete drying from 10 hours. To make the structure of the walls using special rollers. To wash the acrylic plaster, just use warm water with a sponge.

The use of facade plaster

Facade plaster consumption depends not only on the quality of the surface being formed, but also on the composition of the mixture. She may be:

The latter option involves acrylic and silicone compounds. Their low consumption requires perfect surface preparation. It should be smooth, without a hitch, without a hitch.

Facade acrylic plaster

Thick-coat plasters include cement and silicate. Their consumption is justified by less zeal in preparing the foundation. In terms of laying out, plaster can be applied to the facade not only in a continuous layer, but also imitate stones.

First make a preparatory layer. They scratch a drawing on it, mark it with cords. Then, along the edges of each field under the stone, the rules are fixed. It remains to fill the inner space. Stones can be made multi-colored and varied.

Application Technique

The plaster is applied manually with spatulas or special spray guns. You can use the mixture separately or reinforce. To do this, take stucco mesh. Its threads are thin, but perform a function similar to metal rods in concrete blocks.

The rest of the plastering technique depends on the type of base:

1. On a brick and aerated concrete, mixtures fall most easily. They work with a wide trowel. It is substituted to the bottom of the structure almost perpendicularly and lead upward, stretching the mixture, reducing the angle of inclination of the tool. At the end, it is almost parallel to the wall. After processing about 1.5 squares, take a grater, giving the surface a texture.
2. For foam and mineral wool, a reinforcing fiberglass mesh with a density of 160 grams per square meter must be laid. The insulation is not primed, but the main layer is treated. The plaster is first applied to slopes, corners and other surfaces of complex configuration. Perforated corners will be required. A grid is attached to them. Such a part improves the adhesion of the plaster with the bends of the facade. On its main planes, a coating over the mesh is applied from the corners to the center. The reinforcing layer should be drowned in 2-3 millimeters of solution. Level with a wide spatula. The joints of the mesh, which is cut into one and a half meter pieces, should not coincide with the seams between the insulation plates. The plaster base is rubbed while leveling. It remains to apply the finish coat. A more liquid solution is used for it.
3. On the tree. Stucco protects the base from drying out, rotting, termites and rodents. Wood is vulnerable material. Before plastering, you need to fill in all the cracks and fix the reinforcing mesh. Instead of fiberglass, shingles are usually used. This is the facade covering with slats with a 5-centimeter pitch. The first row is placed at a 45-degree angle, and the second is at a straight line. There should be at least 1.5 centimeters of plaster on top of the second layer of draany. First, it is diluted liquid and sprayed on the walls. A centimeter layer is poured. When it dries, apply the bulk of the coating. Throw a bucket. In the drana, all cavities should be filled. I usually solve the problem with rough plaster. Decorative facade becomes only the final layer, protecting and decorating the previous ones.

When working with acrylic plaster, you need to tune in the consumption of 1.5-3 pounds per square. Silicone mixture will require from 2.5 to 4 kilograms. The consumption of mineral plasters per square meter is 2.6-4 kilos.

Product price and reviews

The price of facade plaster depends on the name of the manufacturer, composition, decorative qualities and operational characteristics. Here are a few examples of popular options among Russians:

• "Ceresit" plaster front costs around 800 rubles for 25 kilograms of the mineral mixture, 1000–1300 rubles for the same volume of acrylic or silicone, 300 rubles for 25 kilos of cement plaster.
• facade plaster "Knauf" it costs from 260 rubles for 25 kilos of cement plaster, 500-800 rubles from a similar volume of mineral mix, about 1100 rubles for silicone and acrylic.

If consumers clearly express their preferences regarding stucco grades, opinions on the types of mixtures are vague. Most write like Leonid, who spoke at the Stroimdom forum: “It’s unequivocal to say which is better difficult, since each type of plaster has its own advantages. If there was one universal, better mixture, there would not be the assortment that we see in stores. ”

Features of facade plaster for outdoor work

Stucco - this is the outer or inner finishing layer applied to the walls to level, give strength, achieve decorative effects. In addition, plaster is a common name for the process of applying the material.

This method of decoration has been known for a long time, since the time of Ancient Egypt, but the technology is constantly being supplemented, enriched with new techniques, new compositions with different properties are developed and introduced into use. The term "wall decoration" in the human mind most often means applying a plaster composition.

Recently, a very popular combination of plaster and decorative stone.

With all the variety of materials, the technological side of things is practically unchanged. In a nutshell - the solution is prepared, applied to the wall with a layer of a certain thickness and the leveling of this layer to the state of an even smooth (or texture) plane.

Since in any case, work is carried out with a solution having almost the same consistency, there are practically no discrepancies in the application rules and surface requirements. All the differences are in the final result, properties and appearance of the finishing layer.

Types of plaster

Plaster is a complex concept that combines many types of coatings of different quality and purpose.

First of all, you should distinguish between:

• Dry plaster. This is a somewhat outdated name for the material now called drywall (GKL). According to the type of installation and working qualities, the material is significantly different from conventional compositions, it is rather a sheathing, but the name stuck in this form.
• Wet (monolithic) plaster. This is the collective name for all types of coatings applied in the form of solutions diluted with water (hence the name), acquiring their properties after drying. The second name - monolithic - is formed by the application method, in which the finish layer becomes one with the base. Almost all types of plaster coatings formed directly on the surface of the walls belong to this group.The list of compositions is wide, includes materials having a different basis, purpose, properties.

By appointment, plaster is:

• Decorative
• Heat protection
• Waterproofing
• X-ray protective
• Frost-resistant (for cold regions),
• Acid resistant
• Facade, etc.

Most often, a coating layer performs several functions at the same time, compositions made for any one task belong to special ones and are used in special cases. Basic solutions have a complex effect - hydroprotection, thermal insulation, the achievement of a decorative effect of a certain kind.

By the type of base, plaster compositions are:

• Mineral The most common group including the most traditional sand-cement mixture. As the name implies, the solution contains various minerals, lime with the addition of cement as a binder. It is widely used for both external and internal application.
• Silicate. Compositions with a liquid glass base. They have high performance, but there are some problems with adhesion that require preliminary surface preparation.
• Acrylic The basis of these compounds is acrylic resin, giving the coating ductility combined with sufficient hardness and strength. Acrylic plaster has a decent frost resistance, which allows it to be used for external application, but it has one unpleasant property - it is highly electrified and attracts statically charged particles of dust, dirt, etc.
• Silicone Silicone Resin Compounds - a relative novelty in the market of finishing materials. The coating has high elasticity; without destruction, it compensates for shrink processes or seismic movements. The high working qualities of the material are greatly reduced due to its price, which is significantly increased compared to other types of plaster.

It is also worth noting the sand-cement and elastic plaster, we talked about them in more detail in previous articles.

Which plaster is best?

It is impossible to clearly name any composition as the best, since all existing materials have their strengths and weaknesses and can be used in different ways.

It will be more correct to indicate for which surfaces or conditions of use the material is most suitable.

If we are talking about decorative qualities, then you should choose among textured compositions that make it possible to obtain a surface such as "bark beetle", "lamb", "fur coat", creating a surface with a relief structure resembling traces of vital activity of insects on wood or a characteristic astrakhan texture.

This type of coating gives a lot of possibilities, depending on the size of the filler, it allows you to create an almost smooth surface with a small relief, or, conversely, a very convex pattern of the structure with a beautiful design that looks very picturesque.

The choice of a certain composition is dictated by personal preferences, there are no tips.

The choice of the type of plaster depending on the surface material:

Technical characteristics of plasters below in the photo:

Major manufacturing companies

There are quite a few companies involved in the production of stucco mixtures.

Among them are:

It should be borne in mind that simply listing the leading manufacturers can not say anything useful, since in each particular case a specific composition should be considered to perform a specific task.

Therefore, in addition to the choice of the manufacturer, it is necessary to determine in advance the surface requirements, with the desired decorative effect, etc.

Consumption per 1 sq.m. main types of plasters

Plaster consumption is an individual value. It depends on several factors:

• Solution consistency (how thick it is, is it possible to “stretch” it with a thin layer).
• Grain size filler for decorative mixtures determines the thickness of the layer, and, accordingly, the flow rate.
• The need for a layer of a certain thickness, for example, when leveling or fixing flaws in walls. In these cases, the flow rate depends on the size of the bumps.

If “beacons” are used when applying the plaster, the composition consumption will be determined by their height above the wall surface. In this case, the calculations are based on the position of the beacons, which must first be installed and aligned on a plane.

The approximate consumption of compounds of different types:

• Cement - about 17 kg / sq.m.
• Gypsum - 10 kg / sq.m.
• Decorative - 8 kg / sq.m.
• Bark beetle - 3 kg / sq.m.

The indicated values ​​are indicative, in each case the flow rate may vary.

Features of applying plaster to insulation

For plastering insulation, preparation is required - mount on the surface of the reinforcing mesh. It is installed in the adhesive layer - first a preliminary layer is applied, the mesh is slightly pressed into it for tight and full contact, another layer is applied on top to completely cover the mesh.

In this article, we examined how to choose the right insulation for plaster.

This method gives a durable preparatory layer, strengthening the surface of the insulation and allowing the plaster to be applied on a dense base. In this case, it is necessary to use a special adhesive composition and an alkali-resistant reinforcing mesh.

Then optimum adhesion of the main layer of the plaster to the base is achieved, and the mesh material will not decompose from the action of aggressive components of the plaster compositions.

In more detail, we examined the technology of applying plaster on insulation in the following articles:

Conclusion

Exterior finish with colored stucco - creating a durable and aesthetically attractive coating that promotes the removal of steam from the wall material and cuts off external moisture. To give the desired color, facade paint can be used, or it is possible to use the natural color of some decorative compositions.

A wide variety and a wide selection of materials for wall plastering make it possible to design a facade with a high degree of surface protection against external factors, while at the same time providing the maximum decorative effect.

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